In addition to the presence or absence of gunpowder, the presence or absence of pellet spread aids in the distance determination. The range (distance) of fire can usually be more easily determined in shotguns than in handguns or rifles. Shotguns usually fire pellets however, slugs can also be used as ammunition. Wad or plastic shot container is important because they may be specific for certain types of ammunition. Some ammunition have plastic shot containers that hold the pellets and also act as the wad. Since shotguns have no lands-and-grooves, their projectiles cannot be positively matched to those found at the scene or inside a body.Ī shotgun cartridge contains pellets, gunpowder, and a wad that separates the pellets from the gunpowder. These markings allow examiners to test-fire weapons and compare test-fired bullets to those discovered in bodies. Lands-and-grooves cause specific identifying features (rifling) on projectiles as they pass along the barrel.
Unlike handguns and rifles which have lands-and-grooves cut on the inside of their barrels, shotguns have a smooth bore.
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